How to Use Peer Review Comments Constructively

Use this guide to nail your responses to reviewer comments, every time.
How to Use Peer Review Comments Constructively
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By: Ian Burgess, Group Publisher, Medical & Open Access Publishing, Health Learning, Research & Practice | Wolters Kluwer

Getting published isn’t magic; it’s a process. You don’t need to be Houdini! Just follow a few simple rules, submit to the appropriate journal for your study, and take heed of comments from the editor and peer reviewers. To help you on your way, here are a few tips and reminders on the process in general and on responding to peer review comments in particular.

First of all, remember that although specific requirements vary from journal to journal, editors are generally looking for novelty, relevance, and/or quality (see Table 1 for examples), and you should ensure evidence of these are clearly communicated in your submissions.

Table 1. Examples of novelty, relevance, and quality in original research articles

Novelty 

Relevance

Quality 

Information about a new drug, patient population,orissue 

Impact on clinical practice (a new answer for an old problem, consolidating evidence, changing accepted practice) 

Impact on clinical practice (a new answer for an old problem, consolidating evidence, changing accepted practice) 

Definitive data in controversial area 

Develop/validate a method of diagnosing or quantifying severity of disease 

Comprehensive and analytical 

Extending previous findings 

Establish a mechanism of disease 

Well-presented and well written 

Large study population (confirmatory data) 

Generate a hypothesis 

Statistical analysis and review, certain sample size 



Editors often make an initial assessment of a submission and may ask for changes before a paper even goes for peer review. These changes are often in regards to length, clarity, and focus. Assuming your paper passes through this triage stage, it’s likely that it will then be sent for peer review. After a period of time, you will receive a decision letter with comments from peer reviewers and the editor. This letter will usually let you know that either your submission has been rejected or that a revised version addressing the peer review comments should be submitted. At this point, you and your co-authors should regroup and consider what the peer reviewers and editor have said and decide whether you want to continue with the paper and submit a revision or revise and submit it to another journal (in the case of a rejection, for example).

Be sure to take a little time before responding to the journal and try to allow any feelings of anger or resentment to subside. It is of no benefit to respond to the comments received while thinking that the reviewer hasn’t taken the right approach to your findings, is wrong, has misunderstood you, and must be either biased or stupid (or both). Instead, try to accept as much of the criticism as you can. It’s meant to be constructive, not personal. Keep in mind that reviewers can improve your article and correct errors; view the process as adding value to your article.

If you decide to revise your paper, address the peer reviewer and editor comments and highlight them in the revised text. In addition, submit a separate sheet listing each peer review comment and your responses. Respond to individual comments and state upfront what action was taken (what was done or not done), then explain the reason. These responses and explanations are key and must be carefully considered and clearly articulated (see “Model response to a reviewer” for an example). Of course, you don’t have to humbly accept every comment made, but you should make all possible changes in accordance with the review and provide a detailed explanation on why certain changes have not been made. Agree with the reviewer (or at least avoid disagreement), but feel free to explain why the suggestion wasn’t incorporated in the revision.1 Above all, answer completely, answer politely, and answer with evidence.2

When responding to peer review comments, be honest and professional, and be mindful that authors and journals are working to the same end. Be aware of what editors are looking for—good papers that the audience will read (and cite). This means being realistic about where you submit your article—does it really warrant publication in the number one journal in the field? Never withhold information— include all requested forms and tick lists with your submission and ensure financial and conflict of interest statements are complete and up-to-date. Don’t break the rules—read the journal’s instructions to authors and ensure every element of your submission complies with them. Good luck with your next submission!

REFERENCES

  1. Kotsis SV, Chung, KC. Manuscript rejection: how to submit a revision and tips on being a good peer reviewer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014; 133: 958-964.
  2. Williams HC. How to reply to referees’ comments when submitting manuscripts for publication. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004; 51:79–83.


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Go to the profile of Dawn Angel
about 1 year ago

The recommendation to take a beat before responding is a really good one. It's easy to get defensive and lash out, but it's important to remember the reviewers are only trying to help you make your paper better. I would also add that it would be a good idea to read the decision letter through in its entirety at least twice before doing anything. Responding to each comment is important, but only after you've read them all thoroughly.