Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are plant compounds with anticancer potential due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing, and proliferation-inhibiting effects. This review aims to consolidate and analyze current knowledge on the anticancer effects of HCAs, exploring their mechanisms of action, bioavailability challenges, and potential therapeutic applications. A comprehensive literature search on PubMed/MedLine, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar focused on the anticancer properties, mechanisms, bioavailability, and safety profiles of HCAs. Studies have shown that HCAs, such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid, inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These effects are mediated by mechanisms including the inhibition of cell survival pathways, modulation of gene expression, and induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage. Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that HCAs exhibit selective toxicity, with a higher propensity to induce cell death in cancerous cells compared to normal cells. However, the toxicity profile of HCAs can vary depending on the specific compound, dosage, and experimental conditions. The anticancer properties of HCAs suggest potential applications in cancer prevention and treatment. However, it is essential to distinguish between their use as dietary supplements and therapeutic agents, as the dosage and formulation suit-able for dietary supplements may be insufficient for therapeutic purposes. The regulatory and practical implications of using HCAs in these different contexts require careful consideration. Further research is needed to determine appropriate dosages, formulations, long-term effects, and regulatory frameworks for HCAs as both dietary supplements and therapeutic agents
Anticancer potential of hydroxycinnamic acids: mechanisms, bioavailability, and therapeutic applications
Dr. Javad Sharifi Rad is a dedicated Research Scientist at the Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador, with a focus on Biomedical Sciences. His work has been recognized through his inclusion on Clarivate's Web of Science Highly Cited Researchers list, reflecting the impact of his contributions to scientific research.
Dr. Sharifi Rad's research interests lie in understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer, particularly in exploring the potential of natural products for cancer prevention and treatment. With a background that spans pharmacology and molecular biology, he aims to contribute to research that addresses pressing health challenges, particularly chronic diseases like cancer.
Throughout his career, Dr. Sharifi Rad has had the opportunity to lead and collaborate on various research projects, from early-stage development to completion. These projects have involved collaboration across multiple disciplines, and he has worked with teams from academia, healthcare, and industry to promote scientific discovery and innovation.
As a speaker and author, Dr. Sharifi Rad has been fortunate to share his research findings at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. He strives to communicate complex scientific ideas in a way that can be understood by both experts and the broader public, fostering greater understanding and collaboration.
In addition to his research, Dr. Sharifi Rad serves as an editor and reviewer for several scientific journals, contributing to the peer-review process and the advancement of biomedical knowledge. He is grateful for the collaborative relationships he has developed with colleagues around the world and remains committed to advancing research that can improve health outcomes.
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